Important Nomenclature of Casting the Horoscope

Casting the Horoscope is a method which the Horoscope is a method which is totally based on mathematical calculations . There are so many almanacs available in India but different astro-scholars have written them each in a different direction. They also differ from one another in the method of casting the Horoscope pertaining to the same person.

In India Sripati Paddhati is widely used for it. Some scholars follow Surya Siddhanta which is the most ancient method while others follow Drik Siddhhanta which consist of a principle of visibility, which is considered to be the latest.

There are so many methods of house division in astrology and Krishnamurti Padhdhati is based upon the Placidius method, which can be relied upon for more accurate results. There is a lot of controversy in the matter of Ayanamsa i.e. precision of Vernal equinox. 

We are all grateful to Late Prof. K.S. Krishnamurti for giving us this valuable system, which endorses excellent results if applied properly. There cannot be an acid test to prove the accuracy of Astrological findings; but this system is much superior than other system.

Present day ephemeris is worked out by great astronomers which Raphael’s table of House and Ephemeris are widely accepted and used in many countries. Late Prof. K.S. Krishnamurti advocated the use of the Raphhael’s table of Houses and Ephemeris and Krishnamurti Ayanamsa. 

The author is introducing Krishnamurti Padhdhati to the members who are interested in learning Astrology by this system, which is considered to be more scientific than other systems.

Prime requirements for erecting a Horoscope based on Krishnamurti Padhdhati are:

1. Longitude and Latitude of the required place

2. Local Mean Time (LMT)

3. Sidereal Time of the LMT

4. Raphael’s Tables of Houses

5. K.P. Ephemeris 

Explanations:

1.Latitude and Longitude of the place of birth, which can be taken from any standard atlas from any Astrological software.

Note: The lines of longitude and latitude are geometrical coordinates used in determining the location of any place on the surface of the earth.

1. Longitude is measured East or West of the prime meridian (an imaginary line of concentric circle, on the face of the Earth, passing through North and South poles which cuts the Equator of the Earth at right angles), which passes through Greenwich near London. All places located East of this prime meridian have 0 to 180 degrees East longitudes and all places located West of this prime meridian have 0 to 180  degrees West longitude. 180 degrees East and 180 degrees West is the same meridian lying opposite to 0-degree prime meridian and is called as International Date line.

2. Latitude are the imaginary lines, which are parallel to the Equator of the Earth. Places located North of the Equator will have 0 to 90 degrees South latitudes.

 3. Local Mean Time (LMT): Conversion of Zonal or Standard Time of the country to Local

          Mean Time of the place of birth:

        In bigger countries like USA, Canada, erstwhile Russia and China, the longitudes vary so much across the country that a single standard time will not serve the purpose; so the country will be divided into various zones. The standard time for each zone is called Zonal Time. For smaller countries like India a single zone was adopted as a standard one an is termed as Indian Standard Time (IST).

In India, 82°-30’ East is adopted as standard longitude. The standard time is uniform throughout the zone in a bigger country line USA, Canada etc. or throughout the whole of the country as in India.

The Local Mean Time of all places having different longitudes will be different, even within a state, zone or country. For example, the Sunrise in the Eastern longitudes, as in Assam in India will be much earlier than in Rajasthan in India, even through all watches show IST in India, as a result of the variation in the longitudes of the places and hence the time at each place will be different and is called Local Mean Time of that particular place. In Astrology, the concept of Local Mean Time is an important place. In Astrology, the concept of Local Mean Time is important for all calculations.

For casting a Horoscope, we need to convert the standard Time (Zonal or Indian Standard Time) to Local Mean Time of the required place. The earth rotates on its axis once in a day in 24 hours or 1440 minutes (24×60). Hence, to rotate 1° degree, the Earth will take 4 minutes (1440÷360) and for rotation of 1 minutes, the earth will take 4 seconds time. Thus, the Eastern parts of the Earth get sunrise earlier and each 1°(degree) longitude towards the West get the West get the sunrise later at about a 4 minutes interval.

Example 1: A child is born 10:30 AM IST on 20th January 2006 at Durgapur (W.B.), India. Find out the LMT of the birth. [Longitude and Latitude of Durgapur are 87°30’ North]

To convert 10:30 AM IST to LMT, we need to do the following:

a . Longitude of the Indian standard meridian - 82°-30’ East

b.  Longitude of Durgapur  - 87°20’ East

c.  Difference in Longitude  - 04°-50’

d.  Time difference got by multiplying the difference of [4°×4=16 minutes and 50’×4=200 seconds =3 minutes 20 seconds i.e. time difference got 04°-50’by 16+3=19M 20S. 

e.   As the longitude of Durgapur is towards East of standard meridian of India, the time difference is to be added:

 

                                                            H                          M                         S

           IST                              -            10                         30                       00AM

Time difference                     -            0                          19                       20AM

LMT of birth at Hyderabad    -           10                         49                       20AM

Note: If the longitude of a place, say Durgapur (87°-20’ E) is towards the east standard meridian of Indian (82°-30’E), the time difference is to be added.

    3. Sidereal Time:

    Sidereal Time is derived from Earth’s rotation with respect to the stars and it is a measure of 

   Earth’s rotation with respect to Vernal Equinox (the point of intersection of celestial equator a 

   and ecliptic, which the Sun reaches on his journey from southern celestial hemisphere to 

   Northern celestial hemisphere), which has a small retrograde (backward) motion. The duration 

   Sidereal day is 23H 56M 4S and sidereal time increases per day at the rate of 24H 3M 56S.

   Thus 365 ¼ sidereal day i.e. sidereal day (23H 56M 4S) is shorter than a solar day 24(H) by 

   3M 56S.

4. Raphael’s Table of Houses for Northern can be used. 

5. Any standard Ephemeris can be used and can be converted to K.P. System by adding or 

    Subtracting the difference in Ayanamsa.

Note: Because of the Precession of Equinoxes (the continuous receding of the Vernal Equinox 

    Along the zodiac) at a rate of 50.24 seconds per year, the distance between Vernal Equinox 

    (the 1st point of the movable or tropical zodiac) and the point of Mesha (Aries) on the fixed or 

    sidereal zodiac has been progressively increasing. This distance at any gives time is called 

    As the Ayanamsha.

The following are the steps in erecting a Horoscope or a map of Heavens:

Step 1:

Arrive at the Sidereal Time (IST) at the time of birth or question as follows- 

1. Sidereal time at 5:30 AM (IST) at the time equivalent in other countries/zones

2. Interval time between 5:30 AM (IST) and the time of birth/question in LMT or birth place.

3. Correction for the interval time @ 10 seconds per hour

All these three above should be added together to arrive at the final Sidereal Time (FST) at the time of birth or question.

Example 2: A child is born 10:30 AM IST on 20th January 2006 at Durgapur (W.B), India.

Find the ST of the birth [Longitude and Latitude of Durgapur are 87°20’ East and 23°30’ North] for the LMT of the place [as found in the above example 1]

                                                                                                                H               M          S

1. Sidereal time at 5:30 AM (IST) on 20th January 2006                13              26         56  

2. Duration between 5:30 AM (IST) and LMT 10:49:20                    5              19          20

3. Correction for the interval time @ seconds per                         00              00         53

 house for 5hrs 20min

Hence, Final Sidereal Time at the time of birth (FST)                          20              45           9 

Step 2: Calculation of the cusp (division between the houses of (zodiac) as per Raphel’s Tables of House for Northern Latitudes (Sayana System), which is universally adopted.

Step 3: Niryana positions of the cusps should be arrived at after subtracting Ayanamsa as per Table Nos. 1 A & B appended.

Note: Difference in Ayanamsa can be added or subtracted to arrive at KP cuspal positions of houses, in any other Ayanamsa is used.

Step 4: Planetary positions are taken according to the Ephemeris and worked out proportionately to the time of birth in IST/zonal time.

Standard time can be taken for interpolating planetary positions for the time of birth/ question.

If Sayana positions are given in any Ephemeris, subtract the Ayanamsa to arrive at the Nirayana positions.

If any other Nirayana positions are taken from other Ephemeries, the difference between KP Ayanamsa and other Ayanamsa should be added or subtracted according to arrive at Nirayana positions as per KP ayanamsa.

Step 5: Insert the planetary positions in the cuspal charts as prepared in Step 3.

Step 6: Calculations of Dasa, Bhukti and Antara periods are made according to the Vimshottari Dasa system as in the Traditional system.

According to Moon’s positions at the time of birth/question the ruling Dasa, bhukti and Antra periods can be arrived at with the help of any astrological software or any standard Panhchag or Ephemeris can be referred for ready reference.

Without referring to computer software, the following formulae are to be adopted for calculating Dasa, Bhukti and Antra periods:

To calculate the Bhukti period:

Multiply the Dasa period of the Dasa lord by the Dasa period of the Bhukti lord. Insert a decimal before the last digit of the product so obtained. The integral figure of the product indicates the months. 

Multiply the digit after the decimal by 3, which indicates the No. of days.

Example:

To calculate Bhukti period of Saturn in the Dasa of Jupiter:

Dasa period of Jupiter is                                                      - 16 years

Dasa period of Saturn is                                                      - 19 years

Bhukti period of Saturn in the Dasa of Jupiter                    - 16×19=304

Insert decimal before last digit                                            - 30.4 months

Multiply the digit after decimal by 3                                    - 4×3=12 days

Resultant figure of the product                                            - 30 months

 I.e. 2 years 6 months

Hence, Bhukti period of Saturn in the Dasa of Jupiter is 2 years 6 months 12 days

To calculate Anthara period:

Keeping the Bhukti period as it is with the decimal point, multiply the above figure by the Dasa period of the Antara planet.

Divide the figure obtained by 4. The integral figure, before the decimal gives the days. Multiply the digit after the decimal by 24 which gives the hours.

Example:

Calculate Antara period of Mars in the Bhukti period of Saturn in the Dasa of Jupiter.

Dasa period of Jupiter            -                       16 years

Dasa period of Saturn            -                       19 years

Dasa period of Mars               -                       7 years

Bhukti period of Saturn in the Dasa of Jupiter                   -                      16×19=304

Insert decimal before the last digit                                     -                      30.4×= Months

Multiply the above figure by the Dasa period of 

Mars Antara planet                                                              -                     30.4×7=212.8

Divide the figure obtained as above by 4                           -                      212.8/4= 53.2 days

The integral figure, before the decimal gives the No. of days i.e 53 days viz, 1 month 23 days Multiply the digit after the decimal by 24 to give the hours -0.2×24= 4 hours (ignore fraction)

Hence, the Antara period of Mars in the Bhukti period of Saturn in the Dasa of Jupiter is 1 month 23 days 4 hours.